Jane Grey is the only English monarch in the last 500 years (though whether her short reign was legitimate is disputed) of whom no proven contemporary portrait survives. [3] In 1514, aged about 14, he received an appointment in the household of Mary Tudor, Queen of France, and was enfant d’honneur at her marriage with Louis XII. Cookies allow us to distinguish you from other users of our website, personalise content and ads, provide social media features and analyse your use of this website. [48] By 1 October 1549, Seymour had been alerted that his rule faced a serious threat. Lady Jane Grey (c. 1537 – 12 February 1554), also known as Lady Jane Dudley (after her marriage) and as the "Nine Days' Queen", was an English noblewoman and de facto Queen of England and Ireland from 10 July until 19 July 1553.. Jane was the great-granddaughter of Henry VII through his younger daughter Mary, and was a first cousin once removed of Edward VI. No memorial stone was erected at their grave. [44][45] Jane then recited Psalm 51 (Have mercy upon me, O God) in English, and handed her gloves and handkerchief to her maid. The executioner asked her forgiveness, which she granted him, pleading: "I pray you dispatch me quickly." [25][22][26] Edward's decision to name Jane Grey herself was possibly instigated by Northumberland. For other uses, see. [9] Whatever the case, Henry's death was followed by a lavish hand-out of lands and honours to the new power group. [10] The will contained an "unfulfilled gifts" clause, added at the last minute, which allowed Henry's executors to freely distribute lands and honours to themselves and the court,[11] particularly to Seymour (then known as Earl of Hertford), who became the Lord Protector of the Realm and Governor of the King's Person, and who created himself Duke of Somerset. The two most serious rebellions, which required major military intervention to put down, were in Devon and Cornwall and in Norfolk. [36] His initial successes, however, were followed by a loss of direction, as his aim of uniting the realms through conquest became increasingly unrealistic. Article by Mrs Nonny Mouse A more critical approach was initiated by M. L. Bush and Dale Hoak in the mid-1970s. Henry VIII's will did not provide for the appointment of a Protector. "The reign of Edward VI: An historiographical survey", This page was last edited on 10 January 2021, at 18:24. Jane was the great-granddaughter of Henry VII through his younger daughter Mary, and was a first cousin once removed of Edward VI. In 1541, during Henry's absence in the north, Hertford, Thomas Cranmer and Thomas Audley had the chief management of affairs in London. "A rare portrait of Lady Jane Grey? In February 1550, John Dudley, Earl of Warwick, emerged as the leader of the Council and, in effect, as Seymour's successor. We may also share information about your usage with our social media, advertising and analytics partners. Her exact date of birth is uncertain; many historians agree on the long-held estimate of 1537, while others set it in the latter half of 1536 based on newer research. From the first, his main interest as Protector was the war against Scotland. Jane had two younger sisters: Lady Katherine and Lady Mary. The Duke of Northumberland was executed on 22 August 1553. ", and the axeman answered: "No, madam." [20] He proceeded to rule largely by proclamation, calling on the Privy Council to do little more than rubber-stamp his decisions. [45] Local groups often assumed that the findings of these commissions entitled them to act against offending landlords themselves. Tragic Facts About Queen Jane Seymour, Henry VIII's Lost Love [32] On 9 July Jane was informed that she was now queen, and according to her own later claims, accepted the crown only with reluctance. [48] Edward summarised the charges against Somerset in his Chronicle: "ambition, vainglory, entering into rash wars in mine youth, negligent looking on Newhaven, enriching himself of my treasure, following his own opinion, and doing all by his own authority, etc."[51]. Until recent decades, Seymour's reputation with historians was high, in view of his many proclamations that appeared to back the common people against a rapacious landowning class. VI. [7] In addition, two leading conservative Privy Councillors were removed from the centre of power. He trusted to the garrisons he established throughout the Lowlands to wear down Scottish opposition; but their pressure was soon weakened by troubles in England and abroad, and Mary was transported to France to marry Francis II in 1557. Princess Diana's Siblings Earl Spencer, Lady Sarah McCorquodale … However, Edward, in a draft will ("My devise for the Succession") composed earlier in 1553, had first restricted the succession to (non-existent) male descendants of Frances Brandon and her daughters, before he named his Protestant cousin "Lady Jane and her heirs male" as his successors, probably in June 1553; the intent was to ensure his Protestant legacy, thereby bypassing Mary, who was a Roman Catholic. Her primary supporter, her father-in-law the Duke of Northumberland, was accused of treason and executed less than a month later. Her father, Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, and his two brothers joined the rebellion, and so the government decided to go through with the verdict against Jane and Guildford. The King died on 6 July 1553, but his death was not announced until four days later. Remember what you promised immediately after, devising with me concerning the place which you now occupy ... and that was to follow mine advice in all your proceedings more than any other man's". But the Scots were not to be won over yet, and would not be persuaded; the protector led another army into Scotland in September 1547, and won the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh on 10 September. Dark Queen (Jane Yellowrock): Hunter, Faith: 9781101991428: … [4], The rebellion of Thomas Wyatt the Younger in January 1554 against Queen Mary's marriage plans with Philip of Spain sealed Jane's fate. "ROGERS, Andrew (died c. 1599), of Bryanston, Dorset. In May he was once more appointed lieutenant-general in the north to avenge the Scottish victory at the Battle of Ancrum Moor; this he did by a savage foray into Scotland in September. There is no other Royal Family now in the world as magnificent as that of the Queen’s. Lady Mary Seymour (born 1542) married twice: Firstly to Andrew Rogers (died c. 1599), MP, Lord Edward Seymour (1548–1574), died unmarried and childless, Lady Elizabeth Seymour (1552 – 3 June 1602), who married, Daniel Moynihan portrayed Edward Seymour in the 1970, Richard Felix portrayed Edward Seymour in the 2001 TV series series, Thomas Lockyer portrayed Edward Seymour in the 2003 TV serial, Thomas Lockyer portrayed Edward Seymour in the 2003 film, Loades, David. Lady Jane Grey was the eldest daughter of Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, and his wife, Frances. [47] Her mother, the Duchess of Suffolk, married her Master of the Horse and chamberlain, Adrian Stokes, in March 1555. Despite his popularity with the common people, his policies often angered the gentry and he was overthrown. [26] As King Edward's uncle, Thomas Seymour demanded the governorship of the king's person and a greater share of power. [40], During 1548, England was subject to social unrest. [42] According to the account of her execution given in the anonymous Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, which formed the basis for Raphael Holinshed's depiction, Jane gave a speech upon ascending the scaffold: Good people, I am come hither to die, and by a law I am condemned to the same. These executors were supplemented by twelve men "of counsail" who would assist the executors when called on. [13] Thirteen out of the sixteen (the others being absent) agreed to his appointment as Protector, which they justified as their joint decision "by virtue of the authority" of Henry's will. [14], Lady Jane acted as chief mourner at Catherine Parr's funeral; Thomas Seymour showed continued interest to keep her in his household, and she returned there for about two months before he was arrested at the end of 1548. She had an excellent humanist education and a reputation as one of the most learned young women of her day. Jane Seymour was undeniably the first woman espoused by Henry VIII, whose title, as wife and Queen, was neither disputed by himself nor his subjects.Whilst Catalina de Aragon lived, a great part of the people considered Anne Boleyn but as the shadow of a Queen. Northumberland set out from London with troops on 14 July to capture Mary. Jane's family are just as ambitious as the B… Name 'Lord Edward Seymour' is per Vivian, In 1549, Paget was to remind Seymour: "Remember what you promised me in the gallery at Westminster before the breath was out of the body of the king that dead is. Furthermore, this Act authorised Henry VIII to alter the succession by his will. "The traitor-heroine of the Reformation", as historian Albert Pollard called her,[49] was only 16 or 17 years old at the time of her execution. Referring to her head, she asked, "Will you take it off before I lay me down? [27][28][29][30], Edward VI personally supervised the copying of his will which was finally issued as letters patent on 21 June and signed by 102 notables, among them the whole Privy Council, peers, bishops, judges, and London aldermen. In March 1544 he was made lieutenant-general of the north and instructed to punish the Scots for their repudiation of the treaty of marriage between Prince Edward and the infant Mary, Queen of Scots. [4], Seymour also attempted to bring uniformity to forms of worship, and in 1549 the first Act of Uniformity introduced a Book of Common Prayer that attempted to compromise between different forms of learning; it was replaced by a more severe form in 1552 after his fall. [4], Seymour served in the Duke of Suffolk's campaign in France in 1523, being knighted by the duke on 1 November, and accompanied Cardinal Wolsey on his embassy to France in 1527. The Scots allied with France, who sent reinforcements for the defence of Edinburgh in 1548,[37] while Mary, Queen of Scots, was removed to France, where she was betrothed to the dauphin. Jane and Guildford are buried in the Chapel of St Peter ad Vincula on the north side of Tower Green. Other members included Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby and John Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Bath. [37] Her sentence was to "be burned alive on Tower Hill or beheaded as the Queen pleases" (burning was the traditional English punishment for treason committed by women). [42], The same justification for outbreaks of unrest was voiced throughout the country, not only in Norfolk and the west. The commission was chaired by Sir Thomas White, Lord Mayor of London, and Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. Their execution was first scheduled for 9 February 1554, but was then postponed for three days to give Jane a chance to convert to the Catholic faith. With her head on the block, Jane spoke the last words of Jesus as recounted by Luke: "Lord, into thy hands I commend my spirit!"[43]. [34], Edward Seymour's only undoubted skill was as a soldier, which he had proved on his expeditions to Scotland and in the defence of Boulogne in 1546. They could not acquiesce in the Imperial ambassador's verdict that Hertford and Lisle were the only noblemen of fit age and capacity to carry on the government; and Surrey's attempt to secure the predominance of his family led to his own execution and to his father's imprisonment in the Tower of London. Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, found himself accused of treason; on 24–25 December, he offered his vast estates to the Crown making them available for redistribution, and he spent the whole of Edward's reign in the Tower of London. [48] In July 1549, Paget wrote to Seymour: "Every man of the council have misliked your proceedings ... would to God, that, at the first stir you had followed the matter hotly, and caused justice to be ministered in solemn fashion to the terror of others ...". [47], Whatever the popular view of the Duke of Somerset, the disastrous events of 1549 were taken as evidence of a colossal failure of government, and the Council laid the responsibility at the Protector's door. ", Hoak, Dale. Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset KG PC (1500[1] – 22 January 1552) (also 1st Earl of Hertford, 1st Viscount Beauchamp), also known as Edward Semel,[2] was the eldest surviving brother of Queen Jane Seymour (d. 1537), the third wife of King Henry VIII. He then found himself abruptly dismissed from the chancellorship on charges of selling off some of his offices to delegates. [19] In the words of historian G. R. Elton, "from that moment his autocratic system was complete". It was owing to this circumstance, as well as the dignity she derived … He became Warden of the Scottish Marches and continued in royal favour after his sister's death on 24 October 1537. [19] On 25 May 1553, the couple were married at Durham House in a triple wedding, in which Jane's sister Catherine was matched with the heir of the Earl of Pembroke, Lord Herbert, and another Katherine, Lord Guildford's sister, with Henry Hastings, the Earl of Huntingdon's heir.[20]. Both Mary and Elizabeth had been named illegitimate by statute during the reign of Henry VIII after his marriages to Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn had been declared void. During and in the aftermath of the Marian persecutions, Jane became viewed as a Protestant martyr for centuries, featuring prominently in the several editions of the Book of Martyrs (Actes and Monuments of these Latter and Perillous Dayes) by John Foxe. ", "Miniature could be second view of Lady Jane Grey", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lady_Jane_Grey&oldid=999995626, People executed by Tudor England by decapitation, People executed under the Tudors for treason against England, Heads of government who were later imprisoned, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [52] Edward noted his uncle's death in his Chronicle: "the duke of Somerset had his head cut off upon Tower Hill between eight and nine o'clock in the morning". After his fourth interrogation by the King's Council, he proposed his daughter Jane as a bride for the Protector's eldest son, Lord Hertford. "[41] She was then taken out to Tower Green, inside the Tower, to be beheaded. Henry VIII's will named sixteen executors, who were to act as Edward's Council until he reached the age of 18. [6] The final state of Henry VIII's will has occasioned controversy. [41] A complex aspect of the social unrest was that the protestors believed they were acting legitimately against enclosing landlords with the Protector's support, convinced that the landlords were the lawbreakers. [32] In January 1549, the council had Thomas Seymour arrested on various charges, including embezzlement at the Bristol mint. The English ballad "The Death of Queen Jane" (Child No. [8], Other historians have argued that Gardiner's exclusion had non-religious causes, that Norfolk was not noticeably conservative in religion, that conservatives remained on the council, and that the radicalism of men such as Sir Anthony Denny, who controlled the dry stamp that replicated the king's signature, is debatable. lisby1 has uploaded 16710 photos to Flickr. However, there is no clear evidence for that outside Norfolk and Suffolk, where Northumberland had put down Kett's Rebellion; hence, where princess Mary sought refuge. Jane Seymour was the daughter of Sir John Seymour and Margery Wentworth.. Jane’s birth date is unknown, but she was probably born around 1508, most likely at the family home, Wolf Hall in Wiltshire. Both Jane and her husband were executed on 12 February 1554. [39] A French attack on Boulogne in August 1549 at last forced Seymour to begin a withdrawal from Scotland. [38] The imperial ambassador reported to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, that her life was to be spared. [24] When the 15-year-old Edward VI lay dying in the early summer of 1553, his Catholic half-sister Mary was still his heir presumptive. [16], In the course of Thomas Seymour's following attainder and execution, Jane's father was lucky to stay largely out of trouble. [30] [31] As a result, Elizabeth was removed from Catherine Parr's household and transferred to Sir Anthony Denny's. [39] Though she would not give in to his efforts "to save her soul", she became friends with him and allowed him to accompany her to the scaffold.[40]. [54], The following chart illustrates Jane's relationship to the House of Tudor and other claimants to the English throne. Probably Sir Thomas Brydges, the Deputy Lieutenant of the Tower, helped her find her way. [55], "Jane Grey" redirects here. The tale of Lady Jane grew to legendary proportions in popular culture, producing romantic biographies, novels, plays, operas, paintings, and films. Seeing her husband's corpse return, Jane is reported to have exclaimed: "Oh, Guildford, Guildford. For other people titled 1st Duke of Somerset, see. The will removed his half-sisters, Mary and Elizabeth, from the line of succession on account of their illegitimacy, subverting their claims under the Third Succession Act. In the autumn he was one of the commissioners sent to Flanders to keep Emperor Charles V to the terms of his treaty with England, and in January 1545 he was placed in command at Boulogne, where on the 26th he repelled an attempt of Marshal de Biez to recapture the town. As was to be expected, all defendants were found guilty and sentenced to death. [13], In early February 1547, Jane was sent to live in the household of Edward VI's uncle, Thomas Seymour, who soon married Henry VIII's widow, Catherine Parr. [21], Seymour's takeover of power was smooth and efficient. Courtiers were always desperate … [12] Nevertheless, a few days after Henry's death, on 4 February, the executors chose to invest almost regal power in Edward Seymour. [4] In March 1547, he secured letters patent from King Edward granting him the almost monarchical right to appoint members to the Privy Council himself and to consult them only when he wished. HE WAS EXECUTED ON TOWER HILL AFTER PROMOTING LADY JANE GREY FOR QUEEN UPON THE DEATH OF EDWARD VI. [7][8] Frances was the elder daughter of King Henry VIII's younger sister, Mary. – History of Parliament Online", https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Peyton,_Henry%7Caccessdate=21, File:LadyElizabethSeymour Died1602 WifeOf SirRichardKnightley NortonChurch Northamptonshire.jpg, "BFI Screenonline: Henry VIII and His Six Wives (1972) Credits", Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset, Chancellors of the University of Cambridge, Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_Seymour,_1st_Duke_of_Somerset&oldid=999539702, People executed under Edward VI of England, People executed by Tudor England by decapitation, Articles lacking reliable references from October 2020, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, John Seymour (1527 – 19 December 1552), sent to the, Edward Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp of Hache (12 October 1537 – 1539), known by the. [1][50] A painting in London's National Portrait Gallery was thought to be Jane for many years, but in 1996 it was confirmed to be of Catherine Parr. The Privy Council switched their allegiance and proclaimed Mary queen in London, on 19 July. "Seymour, Edward, duke of Somerset (c. 1500–1552)". [24] In his first parliament, which met in November 1547, he procured the repeal of all the heresy laws and nearly all the treason laws passed since Edward III. The fact, indeed, against the Queen's highness was unlawful, and the consenting thereunto by me: but touching the procurement and desire thereof by me or on my behalf, I do wash my hands thereof in innocency, before God, and the face of you, good Christian people, this day. Historians have contrasted the efficiency of Edward Seymour's takeover of power in 1547 with the subsequent ineptitude of his rule. [15] He is known to have done so with William Paget, private secretary to Henry VIII,[16] and to have secured the support of Sir Anthony Browne of the Privy Chamber. [15] Seymour's brother, the Lord Protector, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, felt threatened by Thomas' popularity with the young King Edward. Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558), also known as Mary Tudor and "Bloody Mary" by her Protestant opponents, was the queen of England from July … In this reading, the composition of the Privy Chamber shifted towards the end of 1546 in favour of the Protestant faction. Another portrait, a miniature, was shown to the news media in 2007 by Starkey who stated that he was "90 per cent certain" that it is of Lady Jane Grey. In March 1546 he was sent back to Boulogne to supersede the Earl of Surrey, whose command had not been a success; and in June he was engaged in negotiations for peace with France and for the delimitation of the English conquests. [18] The Duke, Lord President of the King's Council from late 1549, was then the most powerful man in the country. [38] The cost of maintaining the Protector's massive armies and his permanent garrisons in Scotland also placed an unsustainable burden on the royal finances. (2015) "The succession crisis of 1553 and Mary’s rise to power", in, Kewes, Paulina. Jane lived with the couple at Sudeley Castle in Gloucestershire until Catherine's death in childbirth in September 1548. Most importantly, he had to isolate and, ideally, capture Mary Tudor to prevent her from gathering support. Although Seymour was released from the Tower and restored to the council in early 1550, in October 1551 he was sent to the Tower on an exaggerated charge of treason. Italics indicate people who predeceased Edward VI; Arabic numerals indicate the line of succession to Edward VI at the time of his death according to Henry VIII's will; and Roman numerals indicate the line of succession at the time of Edward VI's death according to Edward's will. In September 1542 he was appointed Warden of the Scottish Marches, and a few months later Lord High Admiral, a post which he almost immediately relinquished in favour of John Dudley, the future duke of Northumberland. She then blindfolded herself. Through their mother, the three sisters were great-granddaughters of Henry VII; grandnieces of Henry VIII; and first cousins once removed of Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I. Jane received a humanist education, studying Latin, Greek and Hebrew with John Aylmer, and Italian with Michelangelo Florio. The imperial ambassador, Francis Van der Delft, reported that he "governs everything absolutely", with Paget operating as his secretary, though he predicted trouble from John Dudley, Viscount Lisle, who had recently been raised to Earl of Warwick in the share-out of honours. Jane refused to name her husband Dudley as king, because that would require an Act of Parliament. Jane preferred book studies to hunting parties[11] and regarded her strict upbringing, which was typical of the time,[12] as harsh. The male line of Edward Seymour and Anne Stanhope died out with the seventh Duke of Somerset in 1750, when the descendants of Edward Seymour by his first wife, Catherine Fillol, inherited the Somerset dukedom in accordance with the Private Act of 1541. Her father was Sir John Seymour of Wolf Hall in Wiltshire; he served in the Tournai campaign of 1513 and accompanied Henry VIII to the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. Or just an 'appallingly bad picture'? [1] Historian and Tudor specialist David Starkey is sceptical, "It's an appallingly bad picture and there's absolutely no reason to suppose it's got anything to do with Lady Jane Grey. The Third Succession Act of 1544 restored Henry VIII's daughters, Mary and Elizabeth, to the line of succession, although they were still regarded as illegitimate. [3] During the Protectorate and before, the subject was a central patron of the emerging Protestant literature. Jane then failed to find the block with her hands, and cried, "What shall I do? On the morning of 12 February 1554, the authorities took Guildford from his rooms at the Tower of London to the public execution place at Tower Hill, where he was beheaded. [35] On 19 July 1553, Jane was imprisoned in the Tower's Gentleman Gaoler's (Jailer's) apartments, her husband in the Beauchamp Tower. Lack of clear evidence for treason ruled out a trial, so Thomas was condemned instead by an Act of Attainder and beheaded on 20 March 1549. Henry's will reinforced the succession of his three children, and then declared that, should none of them leave descendants, the throne would pass to heirs of his younger sister, Mary, which included Jane. John Hales, whose socially liberal rhetoric linked the issue of enclosure with Reformation theology and the notion of a godly commonwealth. Was senior to his ally Lisle in the world you take it off before I lay down. Was last edited on 13 January 2021, at 00:35 in Royal favour after sister. Clear that the findings of these commissions entitled them to act against offending landlords themselves considered unlawful, she that... Mary the rightful successor and denounced and revoked Jane 's proclamation as that of the Scottish Marches and in! Has original works on the Privy Council of England from 1547 queen jane brother during... From that moment his autocratic system was complete '' the birth of Prince.... 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