This new cruiser would become the Zara class. [11][17], Torpedo cruiser class of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zara-class_cruiser_(1879)&oldid=1007714382, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 19 February 2021, at 15:22. You could also do … Designed with a sophisticated armament, good survivability, and competitive speed, she was among the most advanced heavy cruisers in service at … Media in category "Zara class cruiser" The following 5 files are in this category, out of 5 total. #ShipTrivia RM Pola ( Zara-class Heavy Cruiser ) Pola adalah flags... hip dari Zara-class cruisers. The Zara class was a group of four heavy cruisers built for the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) in the late 1920s and the early 1930s. He also reported on the construction and sea trials of the British-built torpedo-aviso Several other innovations, such as more powerful boilers improved Bolzano’s design. There had been a move to design a 15,000-ton cruiser, but this was not possible because of treaty restrictions. Having no use for the vessels, the Italians immediately sold all three to ship breakers. In general, in order to be effective, armour should be roughly the same thickness as the diameter of the shells fired against it. ザラ級重巡、ザラ! 抜錨します! 艦隊前に、行きます! Joining the Fleet Play: Tenaciously! Josef von Romako, the Chief Constructor of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, pointed out that such a vessel would have to be very large to allow it to reach high enough speeds for it to be able to use torpedoes effectively. [9][10], The ships' gun armament consisted of four 9-centimeter (3.5 in) 24-caliber (cal.) guns, two 37 mm autocannon, and two 8 mm (0.31 in) machine guns. guns and four 47 mm 44-cal. [6], The first two ships of the Zara class—Zara and Spalato—were 62.71 meters (205 ft 9 in) long overall and 55 m (180 ft) long between perpendiculars. However, overall anti-aircraft performance was not good, due to the slow tracking process and an inadequate fire control system, although the weapons were acceptable. In that year, her armour had the only opportunity to display its effectiveness, when this ship was hit by three bombs, launched by American bombers, but the main deck resisted them all and the ship continued to fire against the high-flying bombers. The Zara-class was an Italian heavy cruiser design of the Regia Marina from the early 1930s, considered by many to be one of the best cruiser designs of World War II. Fiume Heavy Cruiser, Zara Class Tauro Model 1:400 201 + Actions Stash. The Trentos had been designed to the limitations of the Washington Naval Treaty, which stated that cruisers had to be 10,000 tons or less, and armed with 8-inch (200 mm) guns or smaller. [7] Sebenico was built to a slightly larger design in an attempt to rectify the earlier vessels' inability to meet the designed speed. The engines drove a pair of bronze screws that were 2.74 m (9 ft 0 in) in diameter. They argued that an attempt to build what they described as a "universal battle-ship" (i.e., the Schiffbau-Kommission's first proposal) was ill-advised, since torpedoes were still in the developmental phase and a vessel of that type would be expensive and risky, considering the limited budgets of the time. [6] As a result of her different hull, Sebenico is sometimes not included in the Zara class. guns, two 37 mm 23-cal. (1937) 8x37mm/54 caliber Breda[6]. Spalato reached a speed of 12.63 knots (23.39 km/h; 14.53 mph) from 1,370 PS (1,350 ihp), while Sebenico made 12.81 knots (23.72 km/h; 14.74 mph) from 1,598 PS (1,576 ihp). The torpedo tubes were located singly, two in the bow and at either beam in deck-mounted launchers. Alternatively, if submerged tubes could not be made to work on the broad side, the ship should include two deck-mounted launchers with at least five torpedoes apiece, four heavy guns, and a speed sufficient just to keep pace with the ironclads of the main fleet. guns, and one 37 mm gun. A typical Washington design had 76 mm in its armour belt, and less on other areas of the ship. [5] The guns had a high muzzle velocity of 939 m/s (3,080 ft/s) with a 125 kg (275 lb) AP shell,[5] allowing Zaras to engage equals at a very long 34,400 yards (31,500 m) at 45 elevation. While the cruisers of the Trento class were fast and well armed, they were very weakly protected. On 15 January 1875, the Artillerie-Kommission (Artillery Commission) and the Schiffbau-Kommission (Shipbuilding Commission) met to begin the process of designing a torpedo-armed warship. The boilers were ducted into a single funnel located amidships. [11][15] In 1917, Zara's armament consisted of two 6.6 cm guns, four 47 mm 33-cal. R.N. Construction began in the 1920s as part of the Regia Marina’s plan to construct six heavy cruisers. [10], The ships were modified extensively in an attempt to rectify their machinery problems. Zara and Spalato were also armed with four torpedo tubes. These thicknesses were reasonably good against destroyer and light cruiser weapons (typically between 5 in {127 mm} and 6 in {150 mm}), but insufficient against the 120 kg shells that 203 mm fired, capable of piercing even 150 mm at medium range. However, they carried enough armor to resist these weapons, featuring a belt that was 5.9″ thick. Sebenico received the most radical alteration; her stern was lengthened slightly to allow for finer hull lines, which would improve her hydrodynamic shape, though this too failed to provide a significantly higher speed. [8], Zara was laid down at OTO Muggiano 4 July 1929,[3] launched 27 April 1930,[3] and commissioned 21 October 1931. The Zara class was a class of three torpedo cruisers built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the late 1870s and early 1880s; they were the first large torpedo-armed warships built by Austria-Hungary. [17] That year, Sebenico took part in the only significant period of fleet service, when she was sent to the island of Crete to participate in an international naval demonstration during Greco-Turkish War. gun and two 25 mm (0.98 in) Nordenfelt guns. Zara was transferred from Cattaro Bay to Pola in June 1917, but while en route, suffered a serious explosion that caused significant damage to her bow. In January 1877, [8], France immediately responded with a new heavy cruiser of her own, Algérie, which was a close match for the Zaras when she launched in 1934. They also created an alternate proposal for a smaller, unarmored ship with just two to four light guns, in the event that their preferred vessel could not reach the desired speed. In 1897, Spalato became assigned to the artillery school, while Zara was recommissioned for use in the torpedo school. [citation needed]. The Zara-class cruisers were developed to meet an Italian Navy requirement for a more heavily armoured class of cruisers than the previous fast, but lightly armoured Trento-class. The ship differed favorably from most contemporary counterparts by her good armor protection and overall well-balanced characteristics, but most of all, by her armament and speed. She shared the light construction of her sisters and the improved technology of the Zaras. May 8, 2019 - This Pin was discovered by Winston Gould. [5] The result was excellent watertight integrity and protection.[9]. [8] Zara and Spalato displaced 833 long tons (846 t), while Sebenico was slightly heavier, at 882.6 long tons (896.8 t). Quite the same Wikipedia. HMAS Hobart took part in the East African Campaign, B… All three ships were sold to the RAN (Royal Australian Navy), Phaeton was renamed Sydney in 1939, Amphion was renamed Perth and Apollo Hobart after a few years of British service under their launch names. Detail and Conversion sets. Romako took over the design process in 1878, and prepared the design for Zara, construction of which began on 1 August that year. The secondary armament was superior as well, compared to the standard of those times: sixteen Škoda Model 1910[5] 100 mm/L50 guns were fitted in eight dual turrets, four on each side, again following a scheme similar to a small battleship. Select Language Site search Donate Site search Donate Through the 1870s, the Marinekommandant (Navy Commander) of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, Friedrich von Pöck, could not secure sufficient funding for construction of ironclad warships. guns, along with her two bow torpedo tubes. Unable to increase the strength of the ironclad fleet, Pöck turned to less expensive means to defend Austria-Hungary's coastline, including development of naval mines and self-propelled torpedoes. 1 Basic 2 Upgrade 3 Second Upgrade 4 Quotes 4.1 Hourly Notifications (Kai) 4.2 Seasonal Quotes 5 Notes 6 Trivia 7 CG 8 See Also Zara Zara Class Heavy Cruiser Statistics HP 42 (44) Firepower 36 (58) Armor 36 (54) Torpedo 0 (28) Evasion 33 (59) AA 18 (62) Aircraft 6 ASW 0 Speed Fast LOS 10 (36) Range Long Luck 10 (48) Resource Consumption Fuel 45 Ammo 60 Build Time … The design was prepared by Josef von Romako, the Chief Constructor of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, after a leng… The removal of the superstructure made placement of radar difficult, and in the end none of the class would ever carry one. Zara — Italian Tier VII cruiser.. During the pre-war period, she was one of the best heavy cruisers in the world. As a result, they saw very little active service, spending much of their careers in reserve. All four ships of the class saw completion by late 1932 and subsequently entered service with the Italian Navy. The first two ships were armed with deck-mounted torpedo tubes, while Sebenico received an experimental tube in her bow, submerged below the waterline. SMS Zieten for the Imperial German Navy. One odd feature was the aircraft catapult on the bow, which made it impossible to prepare for launch while firing, perhaps a minor consideration. (as built) 16 × 100mm (3.9 in)/47 caliber (8x2) AA This scheme followed, in fact, not quite a cruiser layout, but that of a small battleship. Extras such as a high superstructure and torpedo tubes were removed in an effort to save weight, but in the end the ships ended up considerably "overweight" anyway. Sebenico was withdrawn from guard duties in 1918 and assigned to the torpedo school. Dibangun sebagai flagship artinya dia dibangun dengan bridge structure yang lebih bulky jika dibandingkan dengan saudaranya. To install click the Add extension button. The others ships were called FIUME, GORIZIA and POLA. The Zaras almost doubled belt armour compared to the Trentos, with 150 mm in the main belt. [10], The ships' propulsion system consisted of a pair of two-cylinder vertical compound steam engines, with steam provided by five coal-fired, cylindrical fire-tube boilers. The ship would be capable of a speed of at least 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) from a twin-screw propulsion system, and it would not be equipped with a sailing rig. Zara class cruiser (Italy) Gorizia painted in camouflage patterns (1942): Class overview; Operators: Regia Marina In commission: 1931-1944: Completed: Zara, Fiume, Pola, Gorizia: General characteristics Los cruceros pesados de la Clase Zara fueron una clase de cruceros construidos para la Regia Marina Italiana, entre finales de los años 20 y principio de los 30.Fueron considerados como uno de los mejores tipos de su categoría y diseño. She was 64.91 m (213 ft 0 in) overall and 57.2 m (188 ft) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 8.24 m (27 ft 0 in) and a draft of 4.2 m (13 ft 9 in). The design was prepared by Josef von Romako, the Chief Constructor of the Austro-Hungarian Navy, after a lengthy design process throughout the 1870s. [6] All these guns were reasonably modern, especially at their time, even if not outstanding performers. [9] Each ship had a crew of 13 officers and 135 enlisted men. [3] She was joined by Fiume, laid down at Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino on 29 April 1929, launched 27 April 1930, and completed 23 November 1931; Pola at OTO Livorno, laid 17 March 1931, launched 5 December 1931, and completed 21 December 1931;[3] and Gorizia, launched 28 December 1930 at OTO Livorno. © Valve Corporation. 3D model. [14] Sebenico was similarly modified in 1903; in addition to two 12 cm guns, she acquired one 6.6 cm gun, four 47 mm 33-cal. Specifications for Zara class. Pöck decided to await a report from then-Fregattenkapitän (Frigate Captain) Hermann von Spaun, the naval attache to Britain, who was observing British developments, including the construction of the torpedo gunboat HMS Vesuvius. All trademarks are property of their respective owners in the US and other countries. Pöck decided that the new vessel should incorporate the twin-screw, 15-knot requirement from the Schiffbau-Kommission proposal. During World War I, all three vessels were used as guard ships, but none saw action. During the late 1930s, the … [citation needed] Four ships of the class were completed, Zara, Fiume, Pola and Gorizia, all of which saw extensive service during the war. ZARA was the lead ship of 4 Zara class italian cruisers. guns, one 47 mm 44-cal. 3D Model of Italian heavy cruiser Pola (Zara class) Latent Franco-Italian naval competition started from fresh following the Washington Treaty, the 2 French Duquesne class cruisers getting promptly trumped with the Italian Trento class using better protection. ZARA/FIUME Delphis Models 1:700 DM01 . In the meantime, Pöck ordered the first torpedo boat, Torpedoboot I, from Britain that year, followed by five more from Britain and four more from domestic shipyards thereafter. The Zara class was a class of three torpedo cruisers built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the late 1870s and early 1880s; they were the first large torpedo-armed warships built by Austria-Hungary. All three ships were seized as war prizes by the victorious Allied powers after the war in 1918, and all three were awarded to Italy in 1920. To achieve this, the Zaras were almost 2000 t (at standard displacement) over the 10,000 ton limit,[3] even if fully loaded (because the modest amount of the fuel load) they displaced no more than, for example, British heavy cruisers. Despite the heavier armor, the Zara class ships were still respectably fast at 32 knots. They had a beam of 8.22 m (27 ft 0 in) and a draft of 4.1 m (13 ft 5 in). Sortieing! These included one 12 cm (4.7 in) 40-cal. Background on Zara Class Cruisers. [11], When the Second World War broke out, Gorizia, Zara, and Fiume[8] were organized into 1st Cruiser division, Pola serving as flagship for 2nd Cruiser Division. This made the Zaras the best armoured cruisers until the introduction of the Des Moines-class. 199x | New tool + Actions Stash. Ironically, at beginning of 1941, a modest British attack, at night, over Naples hit Zara. [citation needed] Four ships of the class were completed, Zara, Fiume, Pola and Gorizia, all of which saw extensive service during the war. Andressen prepared three more designs, as seen in the table below. [3] In 1937, the aft 100 mm mounts were replaced by 37 mm/54 caliber Bredas[10] more useful for close defense, and in 1940, the 40 mm Vickers were replaced by 37 mm Bredas, also. Listen to the audio pronunciation of Zara class cruiser on pronouncekiwi. They fought in the pacific and the Mediterranean: Perth participated in the Battle of Cape Matapan in March 1941, joined the pacific and was lost in action at the Battle of Sunda Straitin early 1942 (Guadalcanal). As a result, they spent most of the 1880s and 1890s laid up, being reactivated briefly for training exercises. your own Pins on Pinterest Pöck pointed out that the ship should not include heavy guns, and that two 12 cm (4.7 in) guns without armor would be sufficient; the only armor the ship was to have was a curved protective deck. Gorizia was sunk 26 June 1944 at her moorings in La Spezia,[8] in yet another twist of fate by Italian manned torpedoes, after the Italians joined the Allies. The changes made to Sebenico during construction were meant to address the problem, but she was unable to reach her design speed either. gun, and two 37 mm (1.5 in) guns; two of the 9 cm guns were removed to make room. [18] During the blockade, Sebenico stopped and sank a Greek vessel trying to break the blockade. Like other Italian heavy cruisers, the Zara class were armed with eight 8″ guns in four twin turrets. Sign in to disable ALL ads. In the meantime, Spaun made his report on British naval activities, which included the completion of Vesuvius and the introduction of twin-screw propulsion. The Austro-Hungarian Navy and its primary opponent, the Italian Navy, both adopted cautious strategies, since neither wanted to risk its fleet in the narrow waters of the Adriatic Sea, where naval mines and fast, torpedo-armed craft could operate effectively. The Torpedoversuchs-Kommission recommended a vessel with submerged torpedo tubes, a ram bow, deck and waterline belt armor, and two heavy gun turrets if it were possible to install them without compromising the ability of the ship to use its torpedoes effectively. Zieten proved to be fast and maneuverable, qualities that made her well-suited to training and development of the German torpedo warfare arm. Later she was able to reach La Spezia, but the damage to the mid-ship was heavy, with almost all the structures over the armor belt devastated and a 100 mm (3.9 in) turret thrown into the sea. The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. Just better. Zara-class cruiser (1879). The Zara-class was an Italian heavy cruiser design of the Regia Marina from the early 1930s, considered by many to be one of the best cruiser designs of World War II. Valiant, astonishingly,[12] scored with her first salvo. R.N. [2][3], The Schiffbau-Kommission recommended building a ship with heavy armor to protect it from enemy fire, one or two 10-centimeter (3.9 in) guns in the bow, deck-mounted launchers for the Whitehead torpedoes, and towed torpedoes to be used defensively against ramming. On 30 January, Shipbuilding Engineer Andressen began working on the projet, which at that time included a pair of 24 cm (9.4 in) guns in an armored casemate. The lead ship of the class, Zara, was laid down in July 1929. Among their numbers were the ships Zara, Fiume, Pola, and Gorizia. Cruiser Zara-class, Pola type. Sign in to disable ALL ads. The Artillerie-Kommission proposed a smaller design with sufficient armor and a high speed but no guns. Despite arriving after the construction of the Zara class, Bolzano’s structure was nearly identical to the Trento Class cruisers. The Zaras were essentially an improved Trento class tasked with dealing with the latest French designs. [9][11] Between 1898 and 1901, all four ships were re-boilered. Turrets and barbettes were as well protected by over 100 mm armour. The Genova-class was a class of Italian Heavy Cruiser, compromising 2 ships, the Regina Marina Genova, and the Spanish Galicia. The main deck was also very thick, 70 mm. Thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet. The first two ships of the class, Zara and Fiume were ordered under the 1928–1929 construction programme, with a third ship, Gorizia ordered as part of the 1929–30 p… Fleet, ahead full! Gorizia survived until she was taken over by the Germans after Italy left the war in 1943. This was particularly important as Italy's battleships were obsolete, and the new cruisers were needed to lead the Italian fleet. All three ships had their propeller shafts lengthened, and their original bronze screws were replaced with larger steel propellers, though this did not improve performance. After the war, they were seized as war prizes by the Allies and awarded to Italy in 1920; all were broken up immediately thereafter. [5] Later, these were replaced by OTO L/47s,[5] plus two single 100 mm mounts for flare illumination rounds. Thus, the Zara-class heavy cruisers came into being, featuring vastly improved protection over the Trentos, equal firepower and at the cost of only slightly reduced mobility. The class comprised three ships, Zara, Spalato, and Sebenico; the last vessel was built to a slightly different design, and is sometimes not counted as a member of the class. [12], All three ships received several 47 mm (1.9 in) guns in the mid-1880s; these included a Hotchkiss revolver cannon on their bows and four single-barrel quick-firing guns. The British battleships quickly sank all three Italian cruisers and two of their escorting destroyers in a one-sided gunfight, the only reaction being the aimless fire of a 40mm AA cannon from the already wrecked Zara. By the 1890s, they were reactivated for training ship duties, and in 1897 Sebenico took part in an international naval demonstration off Crete, where she sank a Greek blockade runner. Sebenico served in a variety of auxiliary roles over the following five years, before joining Spalato in the artillery school in 1903; the three ships served in their training roles until the outbreak of World War I in July 1914, at which point they became guard ships. In addition to the primary armour scheme, there was secondary armour: the upper deck was 20mm, and the flank hull above main belt was 30 mm. Intended to reach a speed of at least 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph), none of the vessels were able to steam that fast. [4], On 26 March, Pöck held a meeting to discuss the proposals. The Piaggio P.6bis originally carried was later replaced by M.41s, CANT 25ARs, MF6s, and in 1938, by Ro.43s. Romako based his design on the German Zieten, though the German vessel was significantly faster than the Zara class, in part owing to the fact that Zieten had a longer, finer hull and was more lightly built. The Italian Zara Class of four heavy cruisers served during the Second World War. [8] During this part of the war, the Zaras were a serious problem for the Royal Navy, which had nothing comparable in the Mediterranean Sea, and were seriously outgunned by them during the inconclusive Battle of Calabria and Battle of Cape Spartivento. The Zaras shared their main armament with the last of the three Trentos, the Bolzano. Three Royal Navy battleships (the Queen Elizabeth-class sisters Barham, Valiant, and Warspite), plus many supporting units, were able to approach them closely at night — the lack of radar on Zaras making them unaware of their approach. The launchers would be supplied with six torpedoes each. Barrels for Italian Heavy Cruiser. All rights reserved. guns in single mounts, along with one 7 cm (2.8 in) 15-cal. Cruisers were needed to lead the Italian Zara class torpedoes each mm its. A wide variety of guns so she could be used with the latest French designs all four were. Italian Zara class, Bolzano ’ s structure was nearly identical to the pronunciation. 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